The need for new energy sources has never been greater. Our society needs a sustainable system to replace fossil fuels and their CO2 emissions in the long term. With the National Hydrogen Strategy, Germany is creating a standardized framework governing future production, transport use, and utilization of hydrogen, and thus corresponding innovations and investments. Hydrogen is considered as the key element to replace fossil fuels in the long term.
The most common chemical element in the universe is clean and readily available. Produced with renewable energies, green hydrogen is a potentially CO2-free raw material that is gaining global importance. Whether as raw material for the industry, as fuel for fuel cells or as a synthetic energy carrier – the possible applications are diverse. The global business initiative Hydrogen Council, for example, estimates that the share of climate-neutral produced hydrogen in final energy demand will rise from the current 2 percent to 18 percent by 2025.
Emitting a lot brings the possibility for change.
At thyssenkrupp, we emitted 23 million tons of CO2 in 2019. This equals almost three percent of all German greenhouse gas emissions. More than Berlin has caused in the same period. However, emitting a lot brings the possibility of great change. Therefore, we are committed to the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015: we want to reduce our emissions by 30% by 2030 and be fully climate-neutral by 2050.
The potential of hydrogen also plays a significant role at thyssenkrupp as we are in an extraordinary position as both consumer and producer of green hydrogen.
On the one hand, we make a significant contribution to building a green hydrogen economy. To this end, we are using our core expertise in alkaline water electrolysis and developing climate-neutral supply concepts for industrial applications. Altogether, we already have established ten gigawatt of installed capacity in the chemical industry.
On the other hand, thyssenkrupp provides conditions for climate-neutral steel production: we have set ourselves the goal of fundamentally transforming our steel production using hydrogen and on an entirely climate-neutral steel production by 2050.
Emitting a lot brings the possibility for change.
At thyssenkrupp, we emitted 23 million tons of CO2 in 2019. This equals almost three percent of all German greenhouse gas emissions. More than Berlin has caused in the same period. However, emitting a lot brings the possibility of great change. Therefore, we are committed to the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015: we want to reduce our emissions by 30% by 2023 and be fully climate-neutral by 2050.
The potential of hydrogen also plays a significant role at thyssenkrupp as we are in an extraordinary position as both consumer and producer of green hydrogen.
On the one hand, we make a significant contribution to building a green hydrogen economy. To this end, we are using our core expertise in alkaline water electrolysis and developing climate-neutral supply concepts for industrial applications. Altogether, we already have established ten gigawatt of installed capacity in the chemical industry.
On the other hand, thyssenkrupp provides conditions for climate-neutral steel production: we have set ourselves the goal of fundamentally transforming our steel production using hydrogen and on an entirely climate-neutral steel production by 2050.
“For thyssenkrupp, hydrogen is the pivotal technology for making our industry both sustainable and fit for the future.”
Dr. Klaus Keysberg
Chief Financial Officer at thyssenkrupp in an interview on the future of hydrogen
Occurrence
As the most common element in the universe, hydrogen can be obtained from a variety of substances. As the earth is covered by approximately two-thirds of water, hydrogen can be made available in large quantities. Thus, hydrogen has the potential to secure the energy supply for future generations.
Emissions
By gaining hydrogen through electrolysis, no carbon dioxide is produced in the process. If renewable energies are used in the production process as well, the entire process is emission-free. This makes green hydrogen an environmentally friendly energy carrier.
Transport
Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is comparatively easy to transport. Similar to natural gas, hydrogen can be stored under high pressure or in liquid form and can be transported in tanks or via pipelines. Other storage options are still under development.
How we produce green hydrogen – the water electrolysis
Hydrogen, produced with renewable electricity by electrolysis, is vital for a successful energy transition and the achievement of international climate targets. On the one hand, hydrogen serves as an energy carrier and fuel. On the other hand, it also is a CO2-neutral raw material for the production of green chemicals. Ammonia and methanol, for example, can be used as energy carriers or storage.
For the production of green hydrogen, electricity from renewable sources is used. The water splits into its two basic elements: hydrogen and oxygen for further use as energy carriers or industrial processes (Oxyfuel process).
The demand for industrial electrolysis plants allowing green hydrogen to be produced economically is rising steadily. Therefore, we have significantly extended our manufacturing capacities for green hydrogen electrolysis plants to react to both a market that is becoming more dynamic and a ramping up of project business. We can produce electrolysis cells with a total capacity of one gigawatt per year. Aiming for a 5 gigawatt supply chain, we want to extend our capacities continuously.
“Water electrolysis is the pivotal technology for the decarbonization of the industrial sector. It is the only scaled technology for producing green hydrogen so far. Green resources are only economically feasible if they are both produced and used on an industrial-scale, as upscaling improves cost structures. thyssenkrupp’s water electrolysis offers the worldwide biggest standard modules, that can be combined easily up to multimegawatt and gigawatt installations.”
Dr. Christoph Noeres
Head of Green Hydrogen at thyssenkrupp nucera
thyssenkrupp nucera offers world-leading technologies for high-efficiency electrolysis plants. The company, a Joint Venture with Industrie De Nora, has extensive in-depth knowledge in the engineering, procurement, and construction of electrochemical plants and a strong track record of more than 600 projects with a total rating of over 10 gigawatts already successfully installed. With its water electrolysis technology to produce green hydrogen, the company offers an innovative solution on an industrial scale for green value chains and an industry fueled by clean energy – a major step towards a climate-neutrality.
Jobs in the field of hydrogen
Sustainable? Naturally! As both producer and consumer of green hydrogen, sustainability plays a significant role at thyssenkrupp. We are committed to contribute to building a green hydrogen economy and to provide conditions for climate-neutral steel production to enable a climate-neutral future.
You are keen on playing a crucial role in shaping the future at thyssenkrupp? Then take a look at our job board!
Current Projects
2GW electrolysis plant
thyssenkrupp signs contract to install over 2GW electrolysis plant for Air Products in NEOM
Our Carbon2Chem® project converts emissions from steel production into valuable chemical feedstock such as ammonia or methanol. The process is already being used successfully in the pilot plant on the edge of the Duisburg steel mill.
Hydrogen plays a significant role in Carbon2Chem®. It is required to process CO2 to basic chemicals like ammonia or methanol, which can then be used to produce fertilizers or fuel, for example. Shortly after commissioning in March 2018, ammonia and methanol were successfully produced from steel mill process gases for the first time. It was also demonstrated that the water electrolyzer can be successfully operated with volatile renewable energy and has already achieved an efficiency of over 80%.
In the project’s second stage, which has already started, the long-term stability within the complex interaction between steel production and chemical synthesis will be demonstrated. Rapid upscaling and transferability to other industries will also be tested. To this end, other large CO2 sources are to be included in the project, for example, cement manufacturers and waste incineration plants. The technology is to be ready for the market by 2024.
The technology is also attractive beyond Germany and Europe's borders. Energy-intensive industries such as cement, chemicals, or steel are potential candidates for Carbon2Chem®. The Federal Government funds this project with more than 140 million Euros.
How hydrogen helps to avoid CO2 – the hydrogen path
In 2019, thyssenkrupp emitted 23 million tons of CO2. 95% of these emissions emerge in the process of steel production, which we will also need in the future for affordable cars, a functioning circular economy, as packaging material, and as a foundation for electric engines and wind power plants. Therefore, the application of hydrogen serves as a tool for reducing CO2 emissions. One ton of hydrogen saves 26 tons of CO2. The steel industry’s decarbonization is one of the biggest tools to accomplish the world’s and Germany’s climate targets.
While transforming CO2 from the steel production with the Carbon2Chem® project, we also want to use another technology so that CO2 does not even emerge. Therefore, we plan to replace carbon, which is needed for the reduction of iron ore, with hydrogen. As CO2 emerges from the use of carbon, hydrogen emerges from the use of water.
We are currently testing the use of hydrogen in blast furnaces, which already enables us to reduce first emissions in already existing asset structures.
The crucial next step: direct reduction – tkH2Steel
First, short-term CO2 emissions are made possible through the use of hydrogen in blast furnaces. However, the steel production’s basic conversion is essential to decarbonize the steel industry. The setup of direct reduction plants (DR plants) is a crucial change here.
DR plants run with gases. They work emission-free when hydrogen is used. thyssenkrupp Steel targets to put the first DR-plant into operation on an industrial scale in 2024. In contrast to common blast furnaces, DR plants do not produce liquid raw iron but firm iron sponge (“Direct Reduced Iron”, DRI). To further process it into high-quality steel, it has to be melted down to a product similar to raw iron first. Intending to optimize the crude/raw iron system, thyssenkrupp Steel works and plant manufacturers work on an utterly new aggregate. These melting units run with green power and can be combined with the DR-plants. By that, – just like blast furnaces – direct reduction plants and melting units continuously produce a liquid product – like a “blast furnace 2.0”. This results in the new plants being able to smoothly incorporate into the mill network.
thyssenkrupp Steel and thyssenkrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers are currently working on a common hydrogen project with the energy provider STEAG. With a capacity of up to 500 megawatts (MW) the planned electrolysis on the STEAG sites could lead to 75,000 tons of green hydrogen per year – enough for the steel producer’s first direct reduction plant. In this way, they would significantly contribute to the steel mill’s short- and middle-term supply.
The so-called gray hydrogen is obtained from fossil fuels. During production, natural gas is converted into hydrogen and CO2 under heat. The resulting CO2 is then released unused into the atmosphere. This increases the greenhouse effect.
Blue hydrogen, like gray hydrogen, is produced from natural gas. However, the resulting CO2 is captured and stored. This means that the CO2 generated during hydrogen production is not released into the atmosphere. This makes blue hydrogen almost CO2-neutral in balance sheet terms.
Turquoise hydrogen is produced via the thermal cracking of methane. This process produces solid carbon instead of CO2.
Green hydrogen is produced by the electrolysis of water. If electricity from renewable energies is used for this process, the hydrogen is considered green.
In the production of red hydrogen, nuclear power is used for electrolysis.
Electrolysis is a process in which substances are split into their components using an electric current
In a water electrolysis process, water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen with the help of an electric current. If the electricity comes from renewable energies, hydrogen electrolysis is a key component for a climate-neutral industry.
Describes the ratio of product, resource or energy yield (output) to the energy supplied (input). The aim is to minimize losses caused by the conversion, transport and storage of energy through improved processes.
Energy balance refers to the total effort required to manufacture, operate and reuse, dispose of or recycle products. In this context, attention is paid on the one hand to energy consumption during production and on the other hand to the resources and energy required for production and disposal.
Energy storage systems are used to store energy that is available but not currently required. The energy is often converted into other forms of energy, such as chemical energy. If required, this can be converted back into the desired form at a later time.
Energy storage systems are used particularly frequently with renewable energies. On particularly sunny or windy days, excess electricity can be stored.
Renewable energies are energy sources that are renewed by natural processes and are thus available in practically inexhaustible quantities or are renewed relatively quickly. Renewable energy includes hydropower, solar energy and wind energy.
In direct reduction, iron ore is reduced with the help of gas. Iron ore is an iron-oxygen compound, i.e. an iron oxide. The heart of direct reduction is the shaft furnace, which is filled with iron ore. The solid product is also called "sponge iron".
Processes or products are described as climate-neutral if they have no impact on climate change. This means that in their creation they are not associated with greenhouse gas emissions.
Greenhouse gases are responsible for climate change because they prevent heat from the earth from radiating into space. Greenhouse gases include CO2, but also methane and nitrous oxide.
Fossil fuels were created in geological prehistory from decomposition products of dead plants and animals. These include lignite, hard coal, peat, natural gas and petroleum.